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The Colosseum or Coliseum kol SEE m, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre Latin Amphitheatrum Flavium Italian Anfiteatro Flavioafiteatro flavjo or Colosseokolosso, is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and sand,1 it is the largest amphitheatre ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD 7. AD 8. 0 under his successor and heir Titus. Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian 8. These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name Flavius. The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 5. Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine. Although partially ruined because of damage caused by earthquakes and stone robbers, the Colosseum is still an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. It is one of Romes most popular tourist attractions and also has links to the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit Way of the Cross procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum. The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five cent euro coin. The Colosseums original Latin name was Amphitheatrum Flavium, often anglicized as Flavian Amphitheatre. A Sleep And A Forgetting Rar. The building was constructed by emperors of the Flavian dynasty, following the reign of Nero. This name is still used in modern English, but generally the structure is better known as the Colosseum. In antiquity, Romans may have referred to the Colosseum by the unofficial name Amphitheatrum Caesareum with Caesareum an adjective pertaining to the title Caesar, but this name may have been strictly poetic1. Colosseum Vespasian and Titus, builders of the Colosseum, also constructed an amphitheater of the same name in Puteoli modern Pozzuoli. The name Colosseum has long been believed to be derived from a colossal statue of Nero nearby4 the statue of Nero was named after the Colossus of Rhodes. This statue was later remodeled by Neros successors into the likeness of Helios Sol or Apollo, the sun god, by adding the appropriate solar crown. Neros head was also replaced several times with the heads of succeeding emperors. Despite its pagan links, the statue remained standing well into the medieval era and was credited with magical powers. It came to be seen as an iconic symbol of the permanence of Rome. In the 8th century, a famous epigram attributed to the Venerable Bede celebrated the symbolic significance of the statue in a prophecy that is variously quoted Quamdiu stat Colisus, stat et Roma quando cadet colisus, cadet et Roma quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus as long as the Colossus stands, so shall Rome when the Colossus falls, Rome shall fall when Rome falls, so falls the world. This is often mistranslated to refer to the Colosseum rather than the Colossus as in, for instance, Byrons poem Childe Harolds Pilgrimage. Disney`S Halloween Treat'>Disney`S Halloween Treat. However, at the time that the Pseudo Bede wrote, the masculine nouncoliseus was applied to the statue rather than to what was still known as the Flavian amphitheatre. Zip Para Android Apk on this page. The Colossus did eventually fall, possibly being pulled down to reuse its bronze. By the year 1. 00. Colosseum had been coined to refer to the amphitheatre. The statue itself was largely forgotten and only its base survives, situated between the Colosseum and the nearby Temple of Venus and Roma. The name further evolved to Coliseum during the Middle Ages. In Italy, the amphitheatre is still known as il Colosseo, and other Romance languages have come to use similar forms such as Coloseumul Romanian, le Colise French, el Coliseo Spanish and o Coliseu Portuguese. History. Construction, inauguration, and Roman renovations. Sestertius of Titus celebrating the inauguration of the Colosseum minted 8. AD. A map of central Rome during the Roman Empire, with the Colosseum at the upper right corner. The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills, through which a canalised stream ran. By the 2nd century BC the area was densely inhabited. It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in AD 6. Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain. He built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the site, in front of which he created an artificial lake surrounded by pavilions, gardens and porticoes. The existing Aqua Claudiaaqueduct was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea. Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. Vespasians decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Neros lake can be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were located on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre in effect, placing it both symbolically and precisely at the heart of Rome. Construction was funded by the opulent spoils taken from the Jewish Temple after the Great Jewish Revolt in 7. AD led to the Siege of Jerusalem. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his generals share of the booty. Along with the spoils, estimated 1. Jewish prisoners were brought back to Rome after the war, and many contributed to the massive workforce needed for construction. The slaves undertook manual labor such as working in the quarries at Tivoli where the travertine was quarried, along with lifting and transporting the quarried stones 2. Tivoli to Rome. 1. Along with this free source of unskilled labor, teams of professional Roman builders, engineers, artists, painters and decorators undertook the more specialized tasks necessary for building the Colosseum. Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of Vespasian4 in around 7. AD 7. 3 7. 5 AD according to some sources1. The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasians death in 7. The top level was finished by his son, Titus, in 8. A. D. 8. 0 or 8. 1. Dio Cassius recounts that over 9,0. Commemorative coinage was issued celebrating the inauguration. The building was remodelled further under Vespasians younger son, the newly designated Emperor Domitian, who constructed the hypogeum, a series of underground tunnels used to house animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase its seating capacity. In 2. 17, the Colosseum was badly damaged by a major fire caused by lightning, according to Dio Cassius1. It was not fully repaired until about 2. Gladiatorial fights are last mentioned around 4. An inscription records the restoration of various parts of the Colosseum under Theodosius II and Valentinian III reigned 4. The arena continued to be used for contests well into the 6th century.